In many parts of Turkey (and Greece), the sewage pipes are narrow and old.
The Rule:
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Modern Hotels / Malls: You can usually flush the paper.
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Older Buildings / Rural Areas / Cafes: Look for a sign. If there is a small bin next to the toilet, you are expected to throw the paper in the bin, NOT in the bowl.
Why? Flushing paper can clog the system instantly in old buildings. It might feel weird, but it’s the norm in the region.